I rarely mention my own children in my posts, but I'm often asked about them because naturally parents want to know if this kind of parenting works. So a few years ago, when I received both of the above comments in one week, I decided I that needed to give a public answer, and give the child's perspective. This became one of my most popular posts, so I repost it every year.
To explain how children learn to be good people without being punished, I went to the best source I know: My children. They were never punished, including with timeouts or parent-contrived consequences. And yet they're now considerate, responsible, happy, successful young people. How do they explain it?
When I asked them, they were puzzled.
My 18 year old son: "You and Dad were always nice to us. So why wouldn't we be nice back?"
My 14 year old daughter: "We LOVE you and Dad. Of course we try not to disappoint you."
Me: "But how did you learn to behave, without punishment?"
My daughter: "Why would punishment teach you to behave? That just makes kids dislike their parents, and disrespect them. Why would kids follow someone they don't respect?"
Me: "What do you mean by 'follow'?"
My daughter: "You know, doing what you say. I know so many kids who had a bad relationship with their parents so they lied and rebelled as soon as they could. But I didn't want to break your rules. I saw the sense in them. Why wouldn't I follow what you tell me?"
Me:"But how did you learn not to hit, for instance?"
My son: "I always knew, for as far back as I can remember, that I didn't want to hit someone else because it would hurt them. But sometimes if I was very upset, like with my sister, I didn't care. But because you always understood, I was able to stop myself from hurting anyone else. And because you understood why I would have those angry feelings, it made me feel better about myself, too."
My daughter: "Either way -- if you punish or not -- the child learns not to hit. But if you're punishing to teach him not to hit, he learns not to hit so that he doesn't suffer. If you're using empathy to teach him, he learns not to hit because it hurts the other person. So he becomes a better person. He cares more about other people."
Now, I'm not a permissive parent. I have higher standards than many parents I know, which my kids sometimes challenged. And I set plenty of limits, but always with empathy and understanding of my kids' feelings, so they were more likely to accept and internalize those limits.
And lest you think these kids were so well-behaved that they didn't need discipline, my extended family still hasn't forgotten one of my son's hair-raising tantrums at age three, and I remember well my mortification when my daughter socked a playmate at age six. Raising my children has been wonderful, but not without challenges. There were certainly times when other parents would have punished them.
But I found that they learned faster when I didn't. When I helped them WANT to meet my high standards, and coached them so they developed the skills to do it. When I focused on moving myself back into a state of compassion, reconnecting with them, and helping them through their feelings. When I resisted controlling them, and didn't step in to rescue them from the natural consequences of their actions, so they learned life lessons through their own experience.
Sure, kids need "discipline." If you're a parent, you're setting limits all day, every day. But the verb "to discipline" means "to guide." There is absolutely no reason why our guidance needs to be punitive. We can't really control another person. All we really have to work with is influence. And punishment erodes that influence. If we want kids to accept our guidance, we need to maintain a positive relationship with them.
This kind of parenting is hard, because we as parents have to regulate our own emotions. But the good news is that it's more rewarding, because kids behave better, and the parent-child relationship is sweeter. It also raises young adults who are emotionally healthier, happier, and therefore are more likely to be successful, in both love and work.
I should add that my kids are not the only "proof" of this. I receive daily thank you emails from parents who read my newsletter or who have taken my course, sharing the difference this approach has made in their family. You can see excerpts from these notes on every page of the AhaParenting.com website.
There are now hundreds of thousands of parents like me, who have never used any punishment at all, and whose children have grown into wonderful teenagers and young adults. They’ve never needed to be threatened into compliance. Why? Because these kids WANT to make good choices, the choices we've guided them towards over the years.
All kids know what the right choice is. Our jails are full of kids who were raised with punishment and knew they were doing wrong.* But kids raised without punishment are more likely to make the right choice because:
1. They're more receptive to our guidance, right through the teen years.
2. They have more self-discipline, which they're developing every time we set an empathic limit and they accept it. Choosing to give up what they want, to do what we ask, is what builds those self-discipline neural pathways. By contrast, kids who are punished aren't "choosing" that limit, they're forced into it, so they aren't exercising self-discipline. And permissive parenting doesn't set limits at all, so the kids aren't asked to develop self-discipline.
3. They're ABLE to make the right choice, because they’ve learned to manage their own emotions. They can resist impulses that might take them off track.
But what if you're using peaceful parenting, and you stay calm and regulated, and you empathize, and your child still doesn't cooperate? Join the club. That certainly happened sometimes with my kids. All young humans have days when their emotions get the best of them, just like all "grown up" humans. Reconnection and empathy usually work to help children master those emotions and cooperate. But sometimes kids just need us to listen to all those tangled up feelings. Not in words, but in laughter, or in tears. Which we'll talk about in upcoming posts!
*****
If you're looking for research studies to support this approach, one great source that cites the full research is Alfie Kohn's book Unconditional Parenting.
If you're looking for the research to support this statement: "Our jails are full of kids who were raised with punishment and knew they were doing wrong."
There are many reasons that young people get in trouble with the law, and there is a strong association with class and race. But there is also a strong association with parenting. There are many thousands of studies showing that parenting that is warm AND sets empathic limits (exactly what I describe on this website) is the most effective parenting to raise emotionally intelligent kids, who by definition have more self-control and are less likely to engage in criminal behavior. Here are just a few studies:
The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis
Authoritarian parenting promotes antisocial behavior.
A Longitudinal Study of Authoritative Parenting, Juvenile Delinquency and Crime Victimization
You can also find studies on the effect of Corporal Punishment on kids here.
And more evidence that parenting without punishment creates more self-efficacy and positive intention: Authoritative parenting stimulates academic achievement, partly via self-efficacy and intention
Want more support to parent this way?
You still have time to enroll in the Peaceful Parent, Happy Kids Online Course.
Registration closes soon.
Less drama. More love. Guaranteed!
